European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - July 22, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Science amp the world amp John Noble Wilford a cause of the focusing defects found in the $ 1,5 billion Hubble space Telescope virtually All the key instruments aboard have Tost a major part of their capabilities. As a result the most exciting scientific missions will have to be postponed until replacement instruments can be installed. It will be several years at least before astronomers can learn How big and old the universe is get images of planets around other stars or View deepest space to see objects and  they were near the beginning of time. That is the disappointing but inescapable a a Sass mint of scientists As they examine the implications of the focusing defects. A a it a a punch in the stomach Quot said or. C. Robert of Dell a Rice University astronomer who was the projects chief scientist in its for Matevc years the focusing defects in the Hubble a Mirror system will distort the Light reaching All the key instruments and Wil thus hinder the perform manic of most of them. \. The primary camera will be unable to make half of its planned observations. The faint of Jeet camera will lose up to 40 percent of its capability to Sec visible Light arid some of its capabilities in ultraviolet Light. The High Speed photometer a sensitive Light meter  unable to accomplish More than half of its objectives. And a High Resolution spectrograph which analyses Light from Stellar objects will also be unable to perform 25 percent of its projects. Although instruments that process ultraviolet Light Wilt be less affected than those that process visible Light their performance will also be affected. But Alt is not lost space Agency officials and astronomers say. The non imaging instruments including the two spectrographs and the Pho Tom ctr As Well As the Fine guidance sensors should still be Able to do most of their jobs and make important discoveries. The ability of the faint object camera to View Phenomena in ultraviolet Light should also still give astronomers glimpses of cosmic events and objects never before possible on the ground or in space. Astronomers at the space Telescope science Institute in Baltimore Are studying ways to juggle the Hubble Agenda throwing out some imaging plans expanding the time for spectroscopic work and perhaps reviving some proposed observations that had been rejected for Lack of time. More than 10 times As Many proposals were made for Hubble than could be fitted in the first year of operation. Regular science observations with Hubble launched in april Are not scheduled to begin before the end of the year. A obviously we Are going to have to make schedule changes Quot said Ray Villard a spokesman of the Baltimore Institute. Quot the mood is you can do a lot of Good science but you have to look closer to Home than we had been planning. Looking but to the far limits requires extreme sensitivity and contrast something Hubble does t have now a another Institute spokesman said scientists were revising the philosophy guiding the use of the Telescope in its first year of operation. The plan had been to concentrate first on the most critical and exciting questions of astronomy just in Case something happened to the Telescope later. Now scientists will attempt projects that had been Given a lower priority. They say there arc plenty of those Many of which they Hope can still be carried out. One possibility to make the Best of weak photos being weighed by Nasa engineers is image enhancement a technique often used to improve pictures sent Back from Distant planetary probes. Leonard a. Fisk nasal a chief scientist said that there was growing optimism the Agency would be Able to do some a image reconstruction for visible wavelengths especially since the aberration was so uniform. The process he implied would be similar to taking the distortions out of a fun House Mirror Quot were stubborn and Clever a said Fisk. A a we re going to make it  new York Timas. Quot Quot Quot Quot Quot at a glance Ireland size 27,137 Square Miles slightly larger than West Virginia population 3,734,000 1989 estimate main languages English gaelic currency Irish Pound $1,60=1 travel restrictions no visa required for . Tourists. Overview the Republic of Ireland shares an Island with Northern Ireland which is a part of Britain. Low lands and heavily eroded Hills take up the Interior with the highest mountains being in the Southwest and lakes scattered throughout. The Rocky coast is marked by numerous indentations. Nearly one third of Ireland a work Force is employed in agriculture but the number is decreasing steadily. The capital Dublin is a City noted for poetry in words and architecture one fourth of the country a population lives there or in Cork the second largest City. Its a fact Ireland produced so Many great writers in the late 1800s and Early 1900s that the period was known As the Irish literary  questions q and hear a a do insects see color smell insects can definitely Sec color and smell and sometimes they can hear but not the Way that people do. So says . Green an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst who also runs a pest control company. He said for example that while our eyes see a wide Range of wavelengths of Light Many insects have vision tuned into a specific Range to find resources like food and shelter. For example he said because of filters in their eyes quite a few insects Sec leaves As yellow so pest control experts can use color vision to fool foliage seeking insects into thinking they Are Landing on foliage when in fact they Are Landing on a Sticky yellow trap. More than 300 different doors can lure insects to traps he said. For example the odor that a female Indian meal Moth puts out to attract males is synthesized As bait for traps for the Moths whose larvae infest foods in Kitchen cabinets. Some of these doors can be smelled by humans and some can to but an individual lure uses such a Small amount that a person could not smell it Green said. Many insects use sound to communicate Green said. Grasshoppers and crickets for example have a tympanum a body surface that vibrates with sound rather than a True ear. New yuck tines Page 8 sunday july 22, 1990