European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - August 12, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Mapping undersea territory Donald j. Frederick i he first detailed three dimensional maps of the United states vast underwater Frontier full of such sea floor marvels As chasms deeper than the grand Canyon Are emerging on the National oceanic and atmospheric administration s computer screens. Not since the Louisiana Purchase have such far reaching lands been surveyed says capt. Al Bert e. The Barge chief of the Ocean mapping Sec Tion of Noaa s nautical charting division to Rockville my. We re charged with exploring 2.9 billion underwater acres an area larger than the land mass of the United  the underwater realm extends 200 Miles off the coasts of the United states and its Island territories. It is known As the exclusive eco nomic zone or Eez. Both the Noaa and the . Geological Survey Are responsible for mapping it. Because of the Dilt Crent technologies used the uses work has proceeded much faster. Using the Side scan sonar system on our ship the Farnella we re Able to Survey an area about the  of new Jersey in a single Day says Bonnie a. Mcgregor of the uses. So far we be surveyed the  off the Continental National geographic drawing shows a ship using a Multi beam Echo sounder front and Side scan sonar. United states and Well finish Hawaii this summer. Then it s on to our Island possessions in the Western Pacific. We should finish them sometime in 1996." the Long Range Side scan sonar imaging sys tem deployed by the uses uses sound to pro Duce images of geologic features on the Ocean floor. An instrument known As Gloria is towed behind a Survey ship and records the strength and character of the sound echoes covering an expanse As wide As 37 Miles. The vast panoramas we re seeing Are like satellite pictures taken of the Earth Mcgregor says. With them we discovered More than 200 sea mounts off the coast of California " some of them towering almost 7,000 feet from the Ocean floor. Around Hawaii we re seeing enormous underwater landslides where parts of the existing islands have  the Multi beam Echo sounders on Noaa ships give a three dimensional perspective to the uses images by measuring the depth of under water features. A Swath of sound beams nearly As wide As the water is deep sent from the ships echoes Back to give the precise depth of the Ocean Bottom or any other underwater feature. But it s a painstaking process. Noaa has surveyed Only about 80,500 Square Miles or about 2 percent of the Eez. If our resources and equipment were upgraded we could do the whole Eez in 15 years but with our present Effort it will take 226," says Theberge. Three dimensional maps produced so far in clude several 2,000-Square-mile areas off the coast of California one off Oregon and four inthe Gulf of Mexico. Maps of six areas near Hawaii Are nearly completed. One of the most spectacular features is be Neath California s Monterey Bay. Comparable to the grand Canyon the Monterey Canyon the largest submarine chasm along the Continental United states plunges 300 feet and meanders some 108 Miles out to sea. One of the reasons we made the West coast a priority was All the geologic and seismic activity out there. We wanted to find out what was going on off the coast says Theberge. The West coast and Hawaii maps May also Lead to underwater treasures. Deposits of Gold Platinum titanium chromium and other met als can be found off Northern California Ore gon and Washington Many in less than 500 feet of water according to some experts. Ocean profiles of areas near Hawaii show sea mounts some nearly As High As mount St. Helens encrusted with deposits More than four inches thick that contain Copper co balt Nickel manganese and Platinum. Oil and Gas exploration experts will study the Gulf of Mexico maps which reveal a num Ber of Mammoth Salt domes often associated with Mineral deposits. National geographic at a glance grown gun Leeuwarden Ijssel Mech North sea Amsterdam the Hague Rotterdam Netherlands sue 1 5,770 Square Miles approximately the Sie of Massachusetts Connecticut Ami Rhode Island combined population 14,68,000 la so estimate main language dutch currency. Guilder is = about 1.77 guilders Ravel restrictions no visa required for american tourists. Overview the Netherlands sometimes called Holland is a Small Lowland country that has fought a centuries Long Battle with the North sea. About 40 percent of its land was once under water the dutch built dikes to hold Back the sea and then drained the land using pumps powered by huge windmills. The land is Fertile Flowers especially tulips Are the biggest crop. Dairying is the country s main Industry and dutch cheeses and chocolate Are highly pried. The historic cities of Amsterdam and Rotterdam Are among Europe s busiest ports. It s a fact Amsterdam the capital of the Netherlands also is the world s Diamond cutting Center. Any questions q occasionally one smells an odor and then smells it again hours later. Are the odor molecules still in the nose or is it psychological a it could happen either Way bul in most cases it is probably psychological especially if it is a very bad odor says Solomon h. Snyder the dire dior of the department of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins medical school. Snyder who has done research on the binding proteins in the nose that regulate How doors Are transmitted compares the phenomenon to the flashbacks some people have after experiences like being in a War. The olfactory system uses the same part of the brain As memory he explains. Scientists Call it the smell brain or Rhine Cephalin. It is in the limbic system the front and Bottom part of the brain closest to Tjie nose. Nev yuck limes i where is the Best place to View the next total solar eclipse n land the eclipse 1 1. La l l. Will be Isible from Southern tip of Jaja California and on the Island of Hawaii says Jerome i lol Man a professor of physics and Astron Onk at Lehman College of the cil i a Misity of new York. The in inv Al of will be visible in a strip across thu Pacific. Page 10 sunday August 12, 1990