European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - May 24, 1986, Darmstadt, Hesse Page 18 the stars and stripes saturday May 24,1986 Howard Hughes at the controls of his 200-ton Spruce Goose in 1947. Today s crossword Howard Hughes instability linked to injuries by Rick Hampson associated press head injuries suffered in an improbable series of Auto accidents plane crashes an Falls before he turned 40 helped reduce Howard Hughes from a dashing daredevil to a shattered relic according to a psychologist who performed a psychological autopsy for the Hughes estate. Although the billionaire s mental problems usually Are associated with his bizarrely reclusive old age Raymond d. Fowler argues in an article in psychology today that Hughes emotional instability was tied to accidents in the 1930s and 1940s. The accidents were both cause and effect of his emotional problems making Hughes progressively less Able to handle the risks his personality relentlessly drove him 10 take Fowler said. The first of these accidents occurred during the filming of Hughes hell s Angels when he crashed in a Small plane. Pulled unconscious from the wreckage with a crushed cheekbone he was hospitalized for Days and needed facial surgery. In the next few years Hughes hit and killed a pedestrian with a car and crashed two seaplanes. In one Accident Hughes head was severely gashed. In another car Accident Hughes head smashed into the Windshield and he was unconscious or incoherent or Days. A number of other car accidents and Falls also injured his head. Fowler said. Just one head injury can affect behaviour and he had this Long series Fowler said. As he became More and More filled with anxiety As a result of the accidents he probably found the risks More frightening. And he probably became less competent at the wheel or the throttle. It does t make sense that a Man once so skilled As a test Pilot should begin to even have Auto accidents he said. Every time he turned around he was crashing into but Fowler said Hughes forced himself to take the risks As part of a counter phobic reaction to childhood fears a reaction the psychologist likened to getting right Back up on the horse after you fall after one of his flying accidents he was Back in the air before he should have been out of bed Fowler said. Hughes most serious Accident came in 1946, when he crashed while piloting the experimental fx-11 fighter plane. In addition to broken Bones and severe Burns one of his lungs collapsed and his heart was displaced to one Side. He emerged from his convalescence addicted to codeine a condition that exacerbated psychological problems from his head injuries and troubled childhood Fowler said. Over protected by a Mother obsessed with his health Young Howard had suffered from mysterious ailments and had Little interaction with other children. The deaths of his parents during his teens left Hughes depressed obsessed with his health and socially withdrawn Fowler said. But at 18. When he assumed control of the family s Hughes tool co., Hughes became More determined and sell confident. He married moved to Hollywood and devoted himself to making movies and designing and test flying air planes. He told his business manager he wanted to become the world s most famous film producer its top aviator and its richest Man. It was the time of his maximum creativity and drive and also the period of his life during which he exhibited the least psychopathology Fowler wrote. Fowler said he Learned of Hughes head injuries in 1978 while preparing a report for lawyers trying to Settle Hughes estate. Psychological autopsies mental histories created by using the subject s writings and records and interviews with those who knew him Are usually performed to help coroners discriminate among suicide Accident and murder when the cause of death is not known. In the Hughes Case lawyers needed to know what his state of mind had been before his death in 1976 at 70. Fowler was aided by Hughes voluminous personal and professional records including copies of every written communication and summaries of Telephone Calls. Hughes desperately needed the institutional psychological care that he used his wealth to avoid Fowler said. If he had no Money at All he would have been better off he said. 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