European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - April 28, 1991, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Computers in crowns aver programs Are use Jui y Ami fun hut Llie ones available Lor ism pcs a he compatibles have been rather Boring com r pared with the ones available Lor c Apple macintosh computers. Any y a a by with the arrival of Alier sort windows. 3. 1and a new program called Al Ter dark Lor windows pc screensavers Bay be y come colourful and festive. A y a Quot screen  developed to prevent a phenomenon  Burn in. Which occurs when a computer Monitor. Displays live same image for hours or Days. On end.  y a by a y the inside of he picture the in a pc Monitor is coated is Atli phosphors rare \ earths that glow when they Are struck   an Electron beam a y a y y the problem occurs after prolonged bombardment by electrons. The phosphors simply Wear out and give off a ghostly glow so that one can see for example lines of ghost text even w Hen the Monitor a is tin Ned off. Y a a a by lie fore windows 3,0, the typical pc a screen was set up to display White or Green a characters on a Black background. A Virdow s 3.0 replaces the command line and character based operating system with. Graphical symbols and overlapping win a Dow s. A a a. Quot a Quot screen savers prevent phosphor Burn in by banking the screen after a specified period of inactivity typically five to 10min-utes, even when the computer remains on. When the user returns to the desk y touching any key or moving a mouse will instantly restore the screen. A out alter dark Lor windows tides More than simply blanking the screen. It has More than 30 different animated displays id screen Art that amuse As Well As protect. U allows the user to display company a logos Persona messages and scrolling y messages of the Type seen in times is sure. It also includes instructions for developing custom animated screen Art. A alter dark for windows from Berkeley systems inc. Of Berkeley Calif has a list Price of $4�?~>3 5. It can be found at Many mail order companies for less than $30. Microsoft includes a screen savor called Idle with with its Microsoft entertainment pack for window s. A. A i i i r h. Mavis a the new  times Jerry Kidder of that you , partitioned and labelled your disk drive you discover that you have lots of space and can eliminate the con staff switching of  so what do you do you Start copying Alt your floppies to the hard disk and quickly discover that you have a real rates Nusl what you need is Joti method to manage your hard drive. This is a done by using subdirectories y you will sometimes see this method referred  hierarchical directories. Quite simply it mems grouping your files in a logical manner in degrees of importance. -. A y y let s look at an example you  a Root directory. Think of this As the trunk of a tree upon which everything to built the Root Directo. By should contain a few   hidden files that make up part of Dos Are stored Here. The.  file should be Here to ail others Etc. Root program and so on make a subdirectory Lor each by the Way there is a Dos Utility called -. A tree that will show the tree Structure. Put the Dos files other than  into a subdirectory of their own. This will make things More manageable inter to create these subdirectories you will use the mkd1r or my. Command this stands for make directory Anil is an internal command of Dos. Remember St fac commands Are internal and sonic external the external commands arc those additional files on your Dos  the Root directory Type my Dos or whatever you want it called. This creates a subdirectory called Dos. A directory name can con. Lain up to eight characters. Then with your Dos floppy in the floppy disk drive Lype copy a. C Dos this will trails Fervour additional Dos a files to your new  a the reason i mention internal and external commands is that internal commands arc those contained in the hidden files located in your Root directory and Tirc loaded every time you Start a your system. Now to Access your Dos files you a will us another internal command called. Pm Dir or cd for change directory. Type cd Dos and you will he in tire subdirectory called Dos now Type Dir and you will get a list of the files that you have just copied from you master Dos floppy w Fitch was in the a disk drive. Ai inc  the list of files you will see two end tries that you did no to copy a they will be a single period and a double period. The single period stands for the directory in which you arc currently located and the double period stands for the Par. Cut directory. Lets not worry too Tiuch about these two entries now but pc will be using them More later. Y. A a y a Good use right now is with the cd command. To return u the Root directory simply Type cd double period. This will get More important As we build our tree and add More subdirectories. Y a next time we will continue building our subdirectories and add sonic More branches also we Hope to have some More company information. If you have a favorite source for Yoiiro computer a needs or have received Good service from some a w Here let us know. Y a directory Quot example of directory tree a a Quot a amps Wes Boohoo make things easier in the beginning. Several other files May also be Here and they will be used in the operation of your system one of the most important  your  file. This file will dictate How to urys Tern works after it starts. We will get into greater depth later on Batch files of w Inch this is one. Oiler files include the  file w hich will define some of the devices attached to your system. Plus How the system uses its memory for coordinating file management. Again we will get into this As needed. A a. As with a real tree Oli will have some big branches growing out of the trunk. These Are Unur initial subdirectories. If unt plan to add a word processor a file manager games a draw me at least now i  someone reads this column. I got caught winging it last column,.and a Reader let me know about it. John in Bash w to is a civilian with the Federal aviation administration at Rhein main a Germany called and pointed out that the format command that 1 referred to contained an error. Format c so does in fact do the logical formatting of a hard disk drive and a transfers the system. The a command is  the user to place a volume Label on the formatted disk. The Label can have up to 11 characters. Dos w ill display the Label when you ask Tor a directory of a disk valuable Lor floppies when you Are looking for Somo thing special and during several other commands. You do not have to use the a command and. In you decide later to add a Label Many versions of Dos provide a Label command. Issuing the vol command will show you the Label on the disk or Diskette. Label can also be used to delete the name or change it. Bash also provided some information on another Good source of software and a limited a amount  hardware. He said he has had Good experience using pc connection. The firms goods sometimes Are a Little higher in Price but he company does not mid a surcharge for ship Ping to Ait addresses file address Quot is pc connection. B Mill Street Marlow . 1345b. Jorry Knigof s a stars and  computer technician Quot Page 6 a sunday april 2s. 1931