European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - January 19, 1992, Darmstadt, Hesse                                The stars and stripes sunday january 19, 1992 ski shifting focus to ground bases developers also study change in threat in Imo a. By Ron Mckinney staff writer Munich Germany a the strategic defense initiative organization is on target to provide a ground based missile defense against nuclear weapons by 1996, a leading defense official said. Maj. Gen. Malcolm r. Of Neill the Sdit a Deputy director said that the organization has refocused its Mission from the original a Star wars concept which featured space based lasers and weapons to a less exotic approach with the ground based missiles. This new concept is called global Protection against limited strikes or goals. It replaces the ski phase i objective of defending against an All out soviet Union nuclear attack that would have consisted of several thousand warheads. With the breakup of the soviet Union and the easing of East West tensions defense planners Are now More concerned with an accidental or unauthorized launch of nuclear weapons or an attack from a third world nation. That a appears to be the most pressing threat right now a of Neill said in an interview with the stars and stripes. Last year Congress passed the missile defense act which Calls for ski to be at least partially operational by 1996. Still Congress needs to Back its request with More Money of Neill said. Defense officials asked for $5 billion in fiscal 1992 and received $4.15 billion which was $1.2 billion More than in fiscal 1991, despite the shrinking defense budget. The army general was in Europe last week with col. Hal Richardson Sdit a director of theater architecture and programs. They discussed research and de Muj. Gen. Malcolm r. Of Neill a elopement with German and English contractors. Richardson said ski already has achieved dramatic Success on the testing Range with the goals system and he believes that Congress schedule can be met. Goals would defend against an attack of up to 200 warheads As opposed to thousands of warheads the original antimissile program envisioned. Ski officials Are hopeful of developing a system capable of combating modern missiles. A the technology is basically there a of Neill said. A and Only when you re talking about a sophisticated countermeasure which might be a generation beyond where we Are today do you have questions As to whether its  in later phases the a Star wars concept of space based sensors and weapons could be adapted to goals. A a we re not technologically limited. We re Dollar limited. The research part of ski has had to absorb some of the cuts a of Neill said. However the cuts have not halted the exotic a Star wars concept that centers on directed Energy lasers but some parts of the program have been sacrificed of Neill said. Such was the Case of the free Electron laser project at White Sands missile Range . The project was expected to Cost More than $1 billion by 1994, and include a staff of up to 500 scientists and technicians. Instead the idea has been converted to a a very Small Laboratory program that costs $25 million a year of Neill said. A it slows Down the development of a very interesting alternative for directed Energy but there were two other directed Energy technologies that appear to be More Success probable a of Neill said. One includes a chemical laser which Burns Hydrogen and chlorine. Another is a Neutral particle beam of Hydrogen atoms that penetrates into nuclear material and Burns it. In one successful Experiment a laser beam was fired at a Mirror above the atmosphere which reflected the beam Back about 150 Miles to the ground. That technology is now being used by the National science foundation to enhance astronomical observations of Neill said. However those space based weapons would violate the 1972 anti ballistic missile treaty signed with the now defunct soviet Union. A the idea of a Mobile weapon that has the capability against strategic weapons violates the treaty a of Neill said. A whether the weapon is on a tracked vehicle on an air plane or a ship or in space it violates the  those space based sensors and weapons dubbed Brilliant eyes and Brilliant pebbles Are part of a Star  the program was initiated in 1983 by then president Reagan As a defense against an All out soviet nuclear attack. Brilliant eyes is designed to detect incoming nuclear weapons and Brilliant pebbles branches missiles to intercept the warheads above the atmosphere. The plan also called for ground based and ship based defensive weapons. The abm treaty aimed to inhibit nuclear War by restricting . And soviet anti nuclear defences. It bans space based systems designed to substitute for radar in an Ordinary system. The pact was approved on the theory that any time one Side in the cold War built an anti ballistic missile system the other would find a Way around it causing a spiralling arms race. Of Neill said the 20-year-old treaty needs to be reconsidered in Light of recent technology. He said . Officials Felt comfortable signing the treaty because they did no to see a Cost effective Way to defend the country against a nuclear attack. A we Felt the Best Way to assure survival of society was to allow each nation to develop enough nuclear capability to destroy each other a he said. A but that can be a very destabilizing  prepares civilians for Tough top jobs by Janet Howells Tierney Washington Bureau Washington a senior civilian leaders pull Many of the strings that keep military communities running and an army course has been fashioned to help prepare future string pullers for the Tough top jobs. The army management staff College in Alexandria va., has graduated 708 Federal civilians and military officers since courses began in 1987. The course is a must for future High level civilian managers said col. Arthur f. Bondshu the colleges commandant. A most civilians Are extremely competent in their special Fields but they done to know How their functions coexist with others in the army a Bondshu said. A a it a important that military and civilians understand the Overall army organization including How a Soldier is prepared to do his  the College conducts three courses a year graduating about 300 people on a $9.3 million budget. In 1993, the school will move to a permanent Home now under renovation at fort Belvoir a. It is temporarily located at the Radisson Mark Plaza hotel. At the new location each class should accommodate 200 students Bondshu said. And in a further attempt to reach More potential students the College is developing a correspondence version of the course which officials Hope to begin this year Bondshu said. The curriculum includes everything from communication skills and physical fitness to military doctrine and installation management. Students spend about six hours in class each Day and about the same amount of time on Homework. Course instruction centers on army War preparations and deployments. Recent classes have focused on How the army is managing its troop draw Down. A a it a a full schedule and sometimes gets to be a grind a said recent graduate Thom Rennie of the army corps of engineers from Galveston Texas. A a we be done four or five papers in seven weeks  students hear about 30 guest speakers civilian and military from key positions in the army. Lectures make up a Large portion of the course instruction but students also work m Small groups to find solutions for real world problems such As How to Supply deployed troops. During the final group exercise students portray members of an installation staff in an exercise built around the concept of a division going to War. Time is set aside daily for physical fitness a practice that Many civilian students continue after graduating. Student physical fitness is assessed at the beginning of the course and recreational facilities Are available. Army majors and lieutenant colonels made up 10 percent of the 100 students in each of last years three classes and Bondshu said the mix helps a break Down the perception that civilians and military members Are different. To be accepted into the College civilian applicants must hold a Grade Between is pm 12 to 15 and be working in a key leadership position or have the potential for advancement to such jobs. About 65,000 army civilians Are eligible to attend the course Bondshu said and because about 300 civilians apply to attend each class a Board reviews applications to choose those most qualified. The course will be offered three times in 1992. Applications Are available at Community civilian personnel offices.28 air Force units receive outstanding unit awards ramste1n a Germany a Twenty eight . Air forces in Europe units unit received the award can Wear the ribbon indefinitely. Those assigned to the have received the air Force outstanding unit award. Unit following the evaluation period can Wear the ribbon until their next assign airmen who were assigned to the unit during the evaluation period for which the ment. Honoured were 16th air Force 1st combat comm group 32nd tac fighter group 39th tac air control group 7520th air base so 7103rd Field printing so 52nd civil engr so 66th electronic combat Wing 1141st air Force special activities so 4th air support operations group 7000th contracting so 686th air Force band 513th airborne come and control Wing 7206th Security police so Torrejon a. Spain aug. 1,1990 july 31.1991 Lindsey air station Germany july 1,1989 a june 30,1991 Oesterberg a Netherlands july 1,1990 a june 30,1991 Indra lab Turkey aug. 1,1990 a july 31,1991 Raf High Wycombe England july 1.1989 june 30,1991 Ramstein a Germany july 1,1990 a june 30,1991 Span Dahlem a. Germany july 1,1989 a june 30,1990 Sembach a Germany june 1,1989 a june 30,1991 Stuttgart. Germany july 1,1989 a june 30,1991 Frankfurt Germany Jan. 1,1990 a july 31,1991 Ramstein a. Germany july 1,1989 a june 30,1991 Einsiedler Hof air station Germany May 13,1969 a May 12,1991 Raf Mildenhall England july 1,1990 june 30,1991 Hellen Kon a Greece june 1,1989 a March 1,1991 40th tac support Wing 7555th tac training so 7100th comm so 2119th comm so 7217th comm group 2130th comm group 7502nd munitions support so 7501 St munitions support so 7241 St air base group 7257th air base group 10th tac fighter Wing 81st tac fighter Wing 401 St tac Righter Wing 406th tac fighter training Wing Aviano a Italy Decimo Mannu air station Italy Lindsey air station Raf Uxbridge England Ankara air station Turkey Raf Croughton England a Drvenica air station Germany Buchel a Germany Izmir air station. Turkey san Vito Del Normanna air station Italy Raf Alconbury England Raf Ben Waters England Torrejon a Zaragoza a Spain july 1,1989 june 30,1991 july 1,1989-june 30,1991 july 1,1989-june 30.1991 july 1,1989 june 30,1991 july 1,1989-june 30.1991 july 1,1989 june 30,1991 july 1,1990 june 30,1991 july 1.1990 july 1.1991 aug. 1,1989-july 31.1991 Jiny 1,1989 a june 30,1981 june 1.1989 May 31,1991 june 1,1989-May 31.1991 april 1,19b9 Marci 31.1991 Jan. 1,1989-dec. 31,1990