European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - December 12, 1993, Darmstadt, Hesse Page 10 stars and stripes . Sunday december 12,1993reactor produces record fusion Energy by the new York times pla1nsboro, no. A a huge experimental reactor embodying the process of the Hydrogen fusion that fuels the Sun has unleashed a burst of Energy that broke All records and appeared to pave the Way for eventual exploitation of abundant cheap fusion Energy. The achievement on thursday a fit crowned a Day of lesser landmarks in which the Princeton plasma physics Laboratory gradually increased the Power of its to Kamak fusion test reactor by mixing increasing proportions of tritium into the machines fuel. In the final a a shot of the night the machine achieved a fusion Power equivalent to about 3 million Watts a. Double the Power achieved two years ago by the joint european torus a somewhat similar machine in England. As the vast Power of the seven Sec and burst manifested itself on computer screens in the control room and auditorium about 500 scientists who had worked on the project for up to 20 years cheered and applauded a few with tears in their eyes. In the next several months the Princeton group expects to increase the Power of its reactor to five megawatts and by the end of next year to 10 megawatts. The machine consumes about twice As much Energy As it produces but this ratio is a vast improvement Over previous types of fusion Experiment. Fusion is the joining together of the nuclei of Hydrogen atoms can of which contains one Proton. The fused nucleus resulting from this reaction is that of helium which contains two protons. This process is the opposite of fission the phenomenon that Powers conventional nuclear reactors fission involves breaking apart heavy nuclei like those of plutonium atoms. Although radioactive tritium fuel is used in the to amp a Kamak reactor scientists say there is no danger of any accidental release of the tiny Quantity used in the Experiment a five Grams. Unlike nuclear fission reactors a fusion reactor cannot melt Down and if anything goes wrong the fusion reaction which is very difficult to keep going stops. Physicists and engineers had packed the huge control room of Princeton a test reactor to run the machine on a fuel never before used in a reactor a full strength mixture of deuterium and tritium. Physicists believe that if the current series of High Power experiments is successful a and two More advanced fusion reactors Are completed a the first com Mercial fusion Power reactors could begin operating around the year 2030. Given in assessment Washington a Ronald Reagan won election in two landslides oversaw 96 months of economic growth Cut taxes tripled the National debt and mounted a huge arms buildup against the a evil yet historians asked in a poll to give. An Early verdict on Reagan s place in history say he will rank just above John Tyler the nations 10th president who is considered mediocre. Tyler became president in a Fluke engineered the annexation of Texas but failed to heal the fissures that ultimately led to the civil War and retired to his Virginia estate when his term ended. In the poll participated in by 481 historians 79 percent rated Reagan As average or worse. That placed him just above Tyler who inherited the presidency when William Henry Harrison caught cold at his 1841 inauguration and died a month later and just below Zachary Taylor who died in his 16th month in office having achieved Little. The Survey was conducted by Robert k. Murray of Penn state Ana Tim h. Blessing of Alvernia College in Reading pa., for a revision of their 1988 Book greatness in the White House. They sent 164 questions to about 750 historians chosen at random from a list kept by the american historical association. Sixty three percent responded and in a result showing a Broad diversity of opinion a 18 percent called Reagan a total failure. A 44 percent rated him As below average. A 17 percent ranked him As average. A 20 percent saw him As above aver former president Reagan and his wife Nancy arrive for the american Prem tre of Andrew Lloyd webbers a Sunset Boulevard in los Angeles on thursday age or near great. A 1 percent ranked him As great. Murray and Blessing said the historians largely harsh judgment May Mellow Over the years. Even historians critical of Reagan policies applauded what he did for the country a morale they said and that suggests a some grounds on which a Reagan revisionism could be they noted that it generally takes 25 or 30 years for a presidents place in history a to achieve a stable resting Murray and Blessing surveyed the historians to update their original 1982 Survey. In it four presidents a Abraham Lincoln Franklin d. Roosevelt George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were listed in that order ass eat. Five were listed As failures Andrew Johnson James Buchanan Richard m. Nixon Ulysses Grant and Warren Harding. For homeless Washington a homeless people Are increasingly being jailed or lusted out of View by police through aws passed As a reaction to concerns about safety and civic image an advocacy group says. A study by the National Law Center on homelessness and poverty said anti a Grancy statutes have been enacted steadily Over the past two years reflecting increased government frustration with homeless people. A some mayors May be satisfied in the Short term but Over the Long run these types of Laws done to work a said Law Center director Maria Foscarinis. A mayors can be persuaded to take an alternative approach and some of them researchers insisted the general Public does not share the governments frustration with the homeless a population the 1990 census placed at 400,000 and advocacy groups estimate Between 700,000 and 3 million. They cited a Harris poll released in november that said 81 percent of americans would be willing to higher taxes if the Money is used to get homeless people off the Street a City governments must ensure that homeless people in their jurisdictions Are treated with the same respect As All other City residents a the study said. Instead researchers said cities Are selectively enforcing Laws against homeless people arresting them for begging washing car windows for Money failing to present identification littering breaking Park curfews or sitting on downtown sidewalks. Over a four month period in Atlanta which has about 15,000 homeless people and 3,500 shelter Beds homeless people were 35 percent of those arrested for panhandling and 43 percent of those arrested for standing in parking lots without a car. Serious defences against funny Money recommended Wash Lafiton apr a _ Rait nth it Rifai Triin ref tic a or Murbar j a 1_ a Washington apr counterfeiting of . Cur Rency has doubled annually since 1989 As the result of sophisticated color copying machines that turn out Bills that Only experts can identify As funny Money a report says. To head off this growing wave of phony Bills the National research Council said thursday that the government needs to alter the american Buck so its harder to copy and to make bad currency More easily spotted. There Are anti counterfeiting measures now used in the printing of . Money. In the past High Quality paper Fine line engraving and special printing techniques limited major counterfeiting to craftsmen with Access to special printing presses. However these measures Are inadequate to prevent reproduction by photocopying machines and printing scanners now on the Market the Council found. And it warned that even better copying equipment is being developed. Norma Opgrand a spokeswoman for the Bureau of engraving and printing in the Treasury department said about $17 million in counterfeit Bills was passed last year. The Council said $6 million to $8 million of the bad Money was made on copying machines. The Council the research Arm of the National Academy of sciences a congressionally chartered private organization advocated using new printing and production features designed to prevent Bills from Beine copied. Some Are a a patterns that confuse most copying machines these patterns cause copiers to produce designs that Are not on the original Bills making it easy to soot counterfeits. J a shifting inks that appear to change color when the Angle of Light is moved when reproduced on a copying be hts shifting color would not Transfer to the phony Bills. A watermarks. A holograms the variable three dimensional Pic Tures now found on Many credit cards. A inks that glow under special Light. U i modification of Security threads incorporated in Bills in 1991. A embedding optical fibres in the paper. A ? Upp is machines capable of copying currency with sensors that would recognize banknotes and Ichih Veir amp not embed dog images in color copiers that would be invisibly reproduced on copies made from those machines
